Operators in python - Python programming for beginners
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Operators in Python
Operators are the constructs which can manipulate the value of operands. Consider the expression a = b + c. Here a, b and c are called operands and +, = are called the operators. The following are the types of operators supported by Python. There are different types of operators. The following are the types of operators supported by Python.
- Arithmetic Operators
- Comparison ( Relational ) Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
1. Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used for performing basic arithmetic operations.
| Operator | Operation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | Adds values on either side of the operator |
| - | Subtraction | Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand |
| * | Multiplication | Multiplies value on either side of the operator. |
| / | Division | Divides left hand operand by right hand operand. |
| % | Modulus | It returns remainder after division. |
| ** | Exponent | Performs exponential calculation on operators. |
| // | Floor Division | After division it removes the decimal part. |
2. Comparison Operators
These operators compare the values on either sides of them and decide the relation among them. They are also called relational operators.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| = = | If the value of two operands are equal, then the condition becomes true. |
| != | If the value of two operands are not equal, then condition becomes true. |
| < | If the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, then the condition becomes true. |
| > | If the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, then the condition becomes true. |
| <= | If the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, then the condition becomes true. |
| >= | If the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, then the condition becomes true. |
3. Assignment Operator
Python provides various assignment operators. Various shorthand operators are also supported by python.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| = | Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. |
| += | It performs addition and assign the result to left operand. |
| -= | It performs subtraction and assign the result to left operand. |
| *= | It performs multiplication and assign the result to left operand. |
| /= | It performs division and assign the result to left operand. |
| %= | It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. |
| **= | Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand. |
| //= | It performs floor division on operators and assign value to the left operand. |
4. Bitwise Operator
Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit by bit operation.
| Operator | Operation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| & | Binary AND | Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. |
| | | Binary OR | It copies a bit if it exists in either operand. |
| ^ | Binary XOR | It copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. |
| ~ | Binary Ones Complement | It is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. |
| << | Binary Left Shift | The left operand's value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |
| >> | Binary Right Shift | The left operand's value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |
5. Logical Operators
| Operator | Operation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| and | Logical AND | If both the operands are true then condition becomes true. |
| or | Logical OR | If any of the operands are true then condition becomes true. |
| not | Logical NOT | Used to reverse the logical state of its operand. |
6. Membership Operator
Python's membership operators test for membership in a sequence, such as strings, lists, or tuples.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| in | Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and false otherwise. |
| not in | Evaluates to true if it does not finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise. |
7. Identity Operator
Identity operators compare the memory locations of two objects.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| is | Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and false otherwise. |
| is not | Evaluates to false if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and true otherwise. |
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